Who Gets Biliary Disease? Demographic Insights from a Northern Adelaide Prospective Study

Presented in 15th World Gastroenterology, IBD & Hepatology Conference from December 17-19, 2025, in Dubai, UAE & Online. 

Speaker Name: Dr. Bhovineey Ramanathan, Lyell Mcewin Hospital
Location: Australia
Category: (Poster Presenter )

He completed his Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery with Honours at Monash University in 2019, followed by a Master’s degree in Surgery and Trauma at Newcastle University. His academic training was further enriched by a year of rural practice, offering valuable insights into the challenges of regional and remote healthcare.

With over three years of experience as a surgical registrar, Dr. Ramanathan has rotated across multiple surgical subspecialties, strengthening his clinical decision-making and technical expertise. He is actively engaged in research, contributing to projects and publications in surgery and trauma, and is passionate about medical education, mentoring students to develop strong clinical skills and enthusiasm for surgery.

Looking ahead, Dr. Ramanathan is committed to advancing into formal surgical training while continuing to contribute to the fields of surgery, trauma, and acute care, with the overarching goal of improving patient outcomes and advancing clinical practice.

Global Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Research [GJGHR]
Visit Poster Presenter page:  https://gastroenterology.utilitarianconferences.com/speaker/dr-bhovineey-ramanathan

Purpose/Introduction:

Cholelithiasis is a common condition resulting from the accumulation of cholesterol or bilirubin within the gallbladder or biliary tract, frequently progressing to symptomatic or complicated gallstone disease that often requires costly hospital admissions. Gallstones are anatomically classified into gallbladder stones (cholecystolithiasis) and bile duct stones, which can be further divided into extrahepatic (primarily common bile duct) and intrahepatic duct stones (hepatolithiasis). In Western countries, gallstone disease affects nearly 20% of the population, with prevalence increasing with age,particularly among women, reaching as high as 57% in those over 70. Marked geographic and ethnic variations are observed: gallstones are more prevalent in Western populations, whereas intrahepatic stones are more commonly seen in Southeast Asia, China, and Taiwan. Common bile duct stones are notably more frequent in Asian populations and have been consistently identified as a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. However, variability in data collection methods across studies highlights the need for standardized research protocols to better delineate differences in gallstone prevalence by anatomical site, age, sex, geographic region, and metabolic risk factors. Despite the high burden of biliary pathology in this region, detailed demographic data on affected individuals remain scarce.

Methodology:

This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, conducted as part of the GECKO laparoscopic cholecystectomy project, aims to explore the relationships between age, sex, gender, and BMI in patients presenting with biliary pathology at two major hospitals within the Northern Adelaide Local Health Network.

Over a 14-week period, data from 182 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were systematically gathered and rigorously analyzed. The study was conducted in a blinded manner, with demographic variables—including age, sex, gender, and BMI,recorded in a structured spreadsheet and securely entered into the REDCap database.

Results:

Age Distribution:
The age distribution of patients demonstrated a distinct pattern, with the majority falling within the 30–60 year age range. Specifically, the distribution was as follows: <20 years (0.55%), 20–30 years (8.24%), 30–40 years (17.58%), 40–50 years (17.03%), 50–60 years (16.48%), 60–70 years (15.93%), 70–80 years (12.64%), 80–90 years (7.14%), and 90–100 years (1.10%).

Gender Distribution:
The cohort exhibited a marked gender imbalance, with 65.38% of patients identifying as female and 34.62% as male.

BMI Distribution:
BMI classification revealed the following distribution: normal weight (13.19%), overweight (16.48%), obese (36.26%), and missing data (34.07%).

Hospital Stay:
Length of hospital stay ranged from 0 to 31 days, with most patients discharged within 0–2 days. Prolonged admissions were primarily observed in patients requiring postoperative ERCP or rehabilitation, with only 1.65% of patients staying beyond 10 days.

Surgical Urgency:
Elective procedures accounted for 33.52% of surgeries, while a significant majority—66.48%—were performed on an emergency basis.

Conclusion/s:

This study offers meaningful insights into the demographic profile of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary pathology within the Northern Adelaide region. The analysis highlights the interplay between age, gender, BMI, hospital stay, and surgical urgency, underscoring their collective influence on disease presentation and management. The data indicate that biliary pathology requiring surgical intervention is predominantly observed in middle-aged to older adults, with a significant female predominance. Furthermore, an evident correlation between elevated BMI and the likelihood of requiring surgery was identified. These findings carry important implications for healthcare planning and resource distribution and underscore the need for further investigation into the demographic and metabolic factors influencing biliary disease. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of more targeted patient care strategies and the refinement of surgical service delivery in the region.

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